Educational handout OF Biotechnological tools

Abstract

This handout provides an overview of modern techniques in molecular biology, genomics, and bioengineering. It highlights the tools used to analyze, manipulate, and understand genomes, proteins, and their molecular interactions. Emphasis is placed on approaches such as genomic library construction, high-throughput sequencing, gene mapping, gene expression analysis, proteomics, and gene expression disruption techniques such as RNA interference (RNAi). The chapters progressively explore these topics, from the fundamentals of genetic engineering to advanced methods for studying molecular interactions (e.g., two-hybrid systems, TAP-tag). Protein engineering is also addressed, illustrating how rational or evolutionary approaches can be used to design molecules with enhanced or novel properties for biomedical, industrial, or research applications. This document is intended for students with prior knowledge of molecular biology, biochemistry and genetics, and aims to link theoretical concepts with their practical applications in biomedical research, agriculture, and biotechnology.